Kompetensi Bahasa Arab sebagai Instrumen Epistemologis dalam Proses Istinbat Hukum Islam: Kajian Literatur Integratif

Abstract

Arabic language competence occupies an important position in the istinbat process of Islamic law because the main sources of Islamic law, especially the Qur'an, hadith, and classical fiqh literature, are constructed and transmitted through the Arabic language. This study aims to analyze the dimensions of Arabic language competence needed in the istinbat process, explain its contribution mechanism to the establishment of law, and formulate its implications for Arabic language education and Islamic law. The research uses a qualitative approach with an integrative literature review method. The main data sources consist of articles indexed by scopus, sinta 1 and 2. Data were analyzed through source selection, thematic coding, categorization, comparison between findings, and conceptual synthesis drawbacks. The results of the study show that Arabic competence in legal istinbat includes six dimensions, namely phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexical-semantic, rhetorical-pragmatic, and textual-discursive competencies. The six dimensions function in determining the meaning of words, the relationship between words, the scope of commands and prohibitions, the generality and specificity of postulates, literal and metaphorical meanings, and the context of the use of a legal provision. Arabic language competence is an important epistemological requirement, but it cannot stand alone without mastery of usulal-fiqh, hadith, maqasid as-shari'ah, and social context. This research offers the concept of linguistic-juridical competence as an integration between Arabic language mastery and Islamic legal reasoning skills.