Kaidah Nakirah dan Ma‘rifah dalam Al-Qur’an: Analisis Linguistik Terhadap QS. Al-Baqarah: 126 dan QS. Ibrahim: 35
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14825/5qjh0x76Keywords:
Nakirah, Ma'rifah, Balaghah, Al-qur'anAbstract
This study examines the use of the rules of nakirah and ma'rifah in the Qur'an as part of linguistic analysis that plays an important role in understanding the meaning of verses in more depth. The focus of the study was directed at QS. Al-Baqarah verse 126 and QS. Ibrahim verse 35, which both contain the request of the Prophet Ibrahim but use a different form of the word. This research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach, with the main data source in the form of Qur'anic verses and references from tafsir, Arabic language books, and relevant scientific research. The analysis is carried out by examining the grammatical, semantic, and balāghah functions of the use of nakirah and ma'rifah in the two verses and their relationship to the historical and theological context. The results of the study show that the use of the form of nakirah in the word baladan in QS. Al-Baqarah:126 reflects the meaning of uncertainty and process, namely prayer for a region that is still arid to develop into a safe country. Meanwhile, the use of the form of ma'rifah in the word al-balad in QS. Abraham:35 shows the meaning of specificity and certainty, referring to Makkah as a region that already existed and needed divine protection. This finding confirms that the selection of the form of nakirah and ma'rifah in the Qur'an is very precise and loaded with rhetorical and theological meanings. Thus, the understanding of these linguistic rules contributes significantly to enriching the study of interpretation and linguistics of the Qur'an.
References
Aan Najīb & Aḥmad ‘Abdul Malik. “Semantic Change of Arabic Nouns in the al-Qur’ān: Form, Process and Social Impact”. Al-Bayan, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020): 301–321.
Abu Dzar Al-gifari, “Nakirah Dan Ma‘Rifah Fii Al-Qur’An,” Shaut Al Arabiyyah 10, no. 1 (2022): 107–14, https://doi.org/10.24252/saa.v10i1.29432
Al-Biqa‘ī. Naẓm al-Durar fī Tanāsub al-Āyāt wa al-Suwar. (Cairo: Dār al-Kutub, 1995).
Alimuddin, D. “Kaidah al-Tikrār dalam al-Qur’an”. TAFASIR: Journal of Qur’anic Studies, Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): 1–19. Ma’had Aly As’adiyah Sengkang.
https://journalmahadaly.asadiyahpusat.org/index.php/tafasir/article/viewFile/8/9
Al-Ṭabarī. Jāmi‘ al-Bayān ‘an Ta’wīl Āy al-Qur’ān, ed. Aḥmad Shākir. (Cairo: Dār al-Ma‘ārif, 1956).
Al-Zarkashī. al-Burhān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. (Beirut: Dār al-Ma‘rifah, 1988).
Dani, R., & Yusuf, K. M. (2023). “Kaidah-Kaidah Kebahasaan dan Aplikasinya dalam Menafsirkan Al-Qur’an”. Al-Jadwa: Jurnal Studi Islam, Vol. 3 No. 1, 45–61.
Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī. Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb. (Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, 1999).
Hakim, A. “Al-Nakirah wa al-Ma‘rifah”. Shaut al-‘Arabiyyah, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022): 152–164. https://doi.org/10.24252/saa.v10i1.27049
Handayani, Dewi. “Analisis Isti‘māl Isim al-Ma‘rifah bi Alif Lam dalam Surah Al-Baqarah”. Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2023): 55–69.
http://dx.doi.org/10.35931/aq.v17i1.1560
https://doi.org/10.24042/albayan.v12i2.6371
https://doi.org/10.38073/aljadwa.v3i1.1087
Ianah Millati Azka, Mohamad Yusuf, and Ahmad Hasyim, “Ism Nakirah (Nomina Indefinit) Dan Ism Ma’rifah (Nomina Definit) Dalam Teks Bacaan Al-’Arabiyyah Baina Yadaik Jilid 4 Juz 2 (Analisis Sintaksis),” Lisanul Arab: Journal Of Arabic Learning And Teachimg 14, no. 1 (2025): 99–109, https://doi.org/10.15294/la.v11i2 P-ISSN
Ibn ‘Āsyūr, Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir. At-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr. (Tunis: al-Dār al-Tūnisiyyah li al-Nasyr, 1984).
Ibn Manẓūr. Lisān al-‘Arab, Cet. 3. (Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1993).
Idris, Tabrani, dan Oki Mahendra. “Syuruth Al-Mufassirin dalam Syuruth Al-Lughawiyah: Memahami Tentang Tankir dan Ta’rif”. Elektriese: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Elektro, Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024): 94–100.
https://doi.org/10.47709/elektriese.v14i01.4443
Jamaluddin al-Qāsimī. Mahāsin al-Ta’wīl. (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1418 H).
Kharitsah, Nabila et al. “Nakirah and Ma’rifat Implementation in Al-Isra’ verse 1–30”. Asian Journal of Innovative Research in Social Science, Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): 117.
Mahmud. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. (Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2011).
Mazuki, M. T. “Kaidah Bahasa dalam Menafsirkan Al-Qur’an”. Hamalatul Qur’an: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Alqur’an, Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): 98–113. https://doi.org/10.37985/hq.v5i2.163
Mufham Amin and Akhmad Rusydi, “Rahasia Pengulangan Dalam Al-Qur’an,” Al-Muhith: Jurnal Ilmu Qur’an Dan Hadits 2, no. 1 (2024): 1, https://doi.org/10.35931/am.v2i1.3197
Muḥammad Abū Mūsā. al-Balāghah wa Sirr al-I‘jāz. (Cairo: Maktabah Wahbah, 1997).
muhammad zaenuri, Nafisa Zeni Agustin, Machmud Yunus, & Muhammad Zaky Sya’bani. (2026). TEMPORAL SEMANTICS OF VERBAL FORMS IN SURAH AL-BAQARAH: A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS AND ITS PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR ARABIC GRAMMAR INSTRUCTION. Journal of Arabic Language and Literature (ALLAIS), 4(2), 106–122. https://doi.org/10.22515/allais.v4i2.12576
Mujāhid, Ahmad et al. “Isti‘māl Isim al-Ma‘rifah bi Alif wa Lam fi Surah al-Muzzammil”. Jurnal Bahasa Arab dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): 201–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.35931/aq.v17i1.1560
Nawawi al-Bantani. Marāḥ Labīd li Kashf Ma‘ānī al-Qur’ān al-Majīd. (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1417 H).
Nurkholis. Tahlil Isim al-Nakīrah wa al-Ma‘rifah fi Surah al-Mulk wa Ṭarīqah Tadrīsah. (Disertasi, UIN Walisongo, 2024). https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/66316/
Rahmat Dani et al. “Kaidah-Kaidah Kebahasaan dan Aplikasinya dalam Menafsirkan Al-Qur’an”. Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023): 123–135. https://doi.org/10.38073/aljadwa.v3i1.1087
Rathomy, M. A. Tata Bahasa Arab. (Bandung: PT Al-Ma‘arif, 1975).
Riḍā, ‘Alī. al-Marji‘ fī al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah: Naḥwihā wa Ṣarfihā, Juz 1. (n.p.: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.).
Rofī‘, M. “Ilmu Sharaf dalam Perspektif Semantik: Analisis Makna Nakīrah dan Ma‘rifah melalui Teori Referensial”. Qismul Arab: Journal of Arabic Education, Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): 66–74. https://doi.org/10.62730/qismularab.v4i02.226
Saputri, Monika, Aniq Zihan Fauziyah, & Enur Nurjanah. “Kaidah Al-Ma’rifah dan An-Nakirah dalam Memahami Al-Qur’an”. Al-Akhbar: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023): 12–20. https://www.ejournal.unma.ac.id/index.php/aa/article/view/6388/3453
Saputri, Monika, et al. “Kaidah Al-Ma‘rifah dan An-Nakirah dalam Memahami Al-Qur’an”. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): 45–56. https://ejournal.unma.ac.id/index.php/aa/article/view/6388
