Tauhid Sebagai Epistemologi Ekonomi Islam: Antara Spiritualitas Dan Keadilan Sosial

Abstract

This article aims to explain how the concept of tawhid (the oneness of God) influences the structure and practice of Islamic economics, which emphasizes justice, honesty, balance, and social responsibility. As the central tenet of Islamic theology, tawhid not only underpins the religious dimension of Islam but also serves as a moral and ethical foundation for all economic activities. This study employs a qualitative approach through library research, examining primary and secondary sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, classical and contemporary Islamic economic literature, as well as the thoughts of Islamic scholars and experts in Sharia economics. The findings of this research highlight two main points. First, tawhid occupies a central position in shaping an economic paradigm that avoids exploitative practices such as riba (usury), gharar (excessive uncertainty), ihtikar (hoarding), risywah (bribery), and dumping. Furthermore, tawhid guides economic actors to perceive every transaction as an act of worship directed toward achieving falah—success in both worldly and spiritual dimensions. Second, tawhid gives rise to core ethical principles in business such as honesty, trustworthiness (amanah), responsibility, and justice. The main contribution of this article lies in offering a conceptual framework that positions Islamic economics not merely as a technical system of Sharia-compliant finance, but as a value-based system rooted in tawhid that permeates all aspects of muamalah (economic and social dealings). Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of tawhid is essential for implementing Islamic economics in a holistic and civilized manner.